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Cognitive Science

An Introduction to the Science of the Mind | 4

José Luis Bermúdez

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Introduction
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17

Self Study Questions

Welcome to your Chapter 8 - Self Study Quiz

1. Which of the following is characteristic of cognitive systems?

A. They react to information but do not process information.

B. They are made up of direct links between perceptual and motor output.

C. They always react the same way to a single environmental stimulus.

D. None of the above.

None

2. Which of the following features do goal-based architectures lack?

A. The ability to learn from experience.

B. Goal-oriented actions.

C. The ability to respond differently to the same environmental stimulus.

D. None of the above.

None

3. Which of the following best characterizes cognitive modules, according to Fodor?

A. They are horizontal and domain-general.

B. They are vertical, domain-specific, and informationally encapsulated.

C. They are vertical and domain-general.

D. They are vertical and possess a determinate neural location.

None

4. Which of the following best characterizes central, or non-modular, processing, according to Fodor?

A. It is domain-general.

B. It is informationally encapsulated.

C. It processes information in peripheral sensory systems.

D. It is akin to visual processing.

None

5. What is Cosmides and Tooby's explanation for why people are good at certain types of reasoning using deontic conditionals?

A. Deontic conditionals require the application of rules, and human beings are very good at applying rules.

B. We possess a domain-general reasoning module capable of applying deontic rules.

C. We possess a specialized module for monitoring social exchanges and detecting cheaters.

D. None of the above.

None

6. What are Darwinian modules?

A. Cognitive capacities like analogical reasoning and the use of logical operators.

B. Specialized systems that evolved in response to specific problems faced by our hunter-gatherer ancestors.

C. Abilities that evolved in response to specific problems faced by the first mammals in evolutionary history.

D. None of the above.

None

7. Why do Cosmides and Tooby think that domain-general processes cannot exist?

A. Evolution could not have selected for domain-general processes.

B. Domain-general processes are not suited to solve any of the problems faced by our hunter-gatherer ancestors.

C. What counts as evolutionarily adaptive varies from domain to domain.

D. All of the above.

None

8. Why does kin selection appear to support the massive modularity hypothesis?

A. No domain-general mechanism could detect all the features necessary for people to sacrifice themselves for their kin.

B. It demonstrates that no domain-general mechanisms exist in the brain.

C. No domain-general mechanisms can be found in our evolutionary history.

D. All of the above.

None

9. What is the main difference between Fodorian and Darwinian modules?

A. Darwinian modules were subjected to more intensive selective pressures in evolutionary history.

B. Darwinian modules are not informationally encapsulated.

C. Fodorian modules are more domain-general.

D. Fodorian modules do not fit most standard definitions of modules.

None

10. Why does ACT-R count as a hybrid architecture?

A. It utilizes both symbolic and subsymbolic processes.

B. Its sensory processes are modular but its central processing is nonmodular.

C. It utilizes both Darwinian and Fodorian modules.

D. It utilizes both digital and analog representations.

None

11. Massive modularity denies the existence of central information processing.

A. True.

B. False.

None

12. Simple reflex agents are cognitive systems.

A. True.

B. False.

None

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